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‹#›
Introduction
•Precipitating
convective systems, the atmospheric water cycle, and
atmospheric dynamics are intimately interlinked on t=
ime
scales pertinent to the weather-climate intersection
•It is essential =
to
quantify this linkage in order to improve physical representations in advan=
ced prediction syste=
ms for
weather and climate
•Achieved through
judicious use of cloud-system resolving models and theoretical-dynamical analogs verified against
observations
Hierarchical simulation
Observed episode (3-10 July 2003, BAMEX field campaign); NEXRAD-der= ived =precipitation
provides model evaluation
MM5: NCEP MRF boundary layer & surface exchange schem= es; Noah LSM; GSFC microphysics; lateral boundary conditi= ons from NCEP global analysis
Observed episode (3-10 July 2003, BAMEX field campaign); NEXRAD-der= ived =
MM5: NCEP MRF boundary layer & surface exchange schem= es; Noah LSM; GSFC microphysics; lateral boundary conditi= ons from NCEP global analysis
=
Early concept of
penetrative cumulus ensembles (1958) adopted by mass-flux type convective <=
/span>parameterization
community
Leary & Houze (1997)
Houze et al (1980)
Zipser (1969) =
Line Islands 1967
GATE 1974
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“Predictor-corrector” hybrid
parameterization
•Predictor=
: under-resolved explicit
‘grid-scale’ circulations – approximate mesoscale circulation: but downdraft too weak
•
•Corrector: second barocli=
nic
stratiform heating/mesoscale downdraft couplet strengt=
hens
downdraft
In models of low horizont=
al
resolution (e.g., climate models) grid-scale
circulations are absent (i.e., no predicto=
r),
in which case the mesoscale parameterizatio=
n is
solely the “corrector”
Stratiform heating & mesoscale downdraf=
t :
the “corrector”
the “corrector”
&=
#13;
Apply in shear zones
<=
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<=
/div>
‹#›
Pre-GATE: hot tower view
Post-GATE: 3-d mesoscale convective systems with different cloud structure=
s (shallow
vs. deep, convective vs straitiform, warm vs cold) and associated circulat=
ion
patterns